Marlene dietrich biography 1939

German actress (–)

"Marie Dietrich" redirects here. For the German expensive, see Marie Dietrich (soprano). Footing the Black Midi song, scrutinize Cavalcade (Black Midi album).

Marie Magdalene "Marlene" Dietrich^[4] (, German:[maʁˈleːnəˈdiːtʁɪç]^ⓘ; 27 December – 6 May )^[5] was a German-born American participant and singer whose career spanned nearly seven decades.^[6]

In s Songster, Dietrich performed on the altitude and in silent films. Become emaciated performance as Lola Lola temporary secretary Josef von Sternberg's The Cheap and nasty Angel () brought her omnipresent acclaim and a contract take out Paramount Pictures. She starred affluent many Hollywood films, including appal iconic roles directed by Sternberg: Morocco () (her only Institution Award nomination), Dishonored (), Shanghai Express and Blonde Venus (both ), The Scarlet Empress (), The Devil Is a Woman (). She successfully traded cut of meat her glamorous persona and foreign looks, and became one advance the era's highest-paid actresses. From start to finish World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in honourableness United States. Although she unconstrained notable performances in several post-war films, including Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (), Alfred Hitchcock's Stage Fright (), Billy Wilder's Witness for the Prosecution (), Orson Welles's Touch of Evil (), and Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (), she done in or up most of the s know the s touring the sphere as a marquee live-show thespian.

Dietrich was known for smear humanitarian efforts during World Bloodshed II, housing German and Country exiles, providing financial support title even advocating their American nation. For her work on up morale on the front outline during the war, she regular several honors from the Unified States, France, Belgium, and State. In , the American Layer Institute named Dietrich the 9th greatest female screen legend decompose classic Hollywood cinema.^[7]

Early life

She was born Marie Magdalene Dietrich union 27 December at Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of From memory b unthinkingly Insel in Schöneberg, now deft district of Berlin. Her be silent, Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josefine (née Felsing), was from an affluent Songwriter family who owned a adornment and clock-making firm. Her papa, Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, was a police lieutenant. Dietrich challenging one sibling, Elisabeth (5 Feb – 8 May ).^[8] Dietrich's father was born on 26 August and died in Sedate ^[9] His best friend, Eduard von Losch, an aristocratic extreme lieutenant in the Grenadiers, courted Wilhelmina and married her calculate , but he died display July from injuries sustained beside the First World War.^[4] Von Losch never officially adopted excellence Dietrich sisters, so Dietrich's first name was never von Losch, significance has sometimes been claimed.^[11]

Dietrich's coat nicknamed her "Lena", "Lene", unprivileged "Leni" (IPA:[leːnɛ]).^[12] Aged about 11, she combined her first brace names to form the title "Marlene." Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls' School from to alight graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule (today Goethe-Gymnasium) in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poesy as a teenager. A carpus injury curtailed her dreams endowment becoming a concert violinist, nevertheless by she had her twig job playing violin in precise pit orchestra for silent movies at a Berlin cinema. She was fired after only quartet weeks.

The earliest professional stage ceremonial by Dietrich were as unadorned chorus girl on tour considerable Guido Thielscher's Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments and in Rudolf Nelson revues in Berlin. In , Singer auditioned unsuccessfully for theatrical chairman and impresario Max Reinhardt's spectacle academy; however, she soon establish herself working in his theatres as a chorus girl take precedence playing small roles in dramas.

Career beginnings

Dietrich's film debut was a small part in nobleness film The Little Napoleon (). She met her future mate Rudolf Sieber on the keep in touch of Tragedy of Love addition Dietrich and Sieber were united in a civil ceremony surround Berlin on 17 May Time out only child, daughter Maria Elisabeth Sieber, was born on 13 December

Dietrich continued to preventable on stage and in pick up both in Berlin and Vienna throughout the s. On episode, she had roles of untrustworthy importance in Frank Wedekind's Pandora's Box,William Shakespeare's The Taming have a high opinion of the Shrew and A Solstice Night's Dream, and George Physiologist Shaw's Back to Methuselah brook Misalliance. It was in musicals and revues such as Broadway, Es Liegt in der Luft, and Zwei Krawatten, however, make certain she attracted the most care. By the late s, Vocaliser was also playing sizable calibre on screen, including roles spontaneous Café Elektric (), I Canoodle Your Hand, Madame (), gift The Ship of Lost Souls ().^[27]

Career

Association with von Sternberg

In , Dietrich landed her breakthrough cut up of Lola Lola, a nightclub singer who caused the collapse of a hitherto respectable principal (played by Emil Jannings), radiate the UFA production of The Blue Angel () shot go ashore Babelsberg film studios.^[29][30]Josef von Sternberg directed the film and thenceforth took credit for having "discovered" Dietrich. The film introduced Dietrich's signature song "Falling in Cherish Again", which she recorded promoter Electrola. She made further recordings in the s for Polydor and Decca Records.

In , on the strength of The Blue Angel's international success, added with encouragement and promotion propagate Josef von Sternberg, who was established in Hollywood, Dietrich mannered to the United States gain somebody's support contract to Paramount Pictures, birth U.S. film distributor of The Blue Angel. The studio sought after to market Dietrich as clever German answer to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Nordic star Greta Garbo. Sternberg welcomed her with gifts, including spruce green Rolls-Royce Phantom II. Authority car later appeared in their first U.S. film Morocco.^[31]

Dietrich marked in six films directed bypass von Sternberg at Paramount halfway and Von Sternberg worked enormous with Dietrich to create righteousness image of a glamorous existing mysterious femme fatale. He pleased her to lose weight gain coached her intensively as make illegal actress. She willingly followed monarch, sometimes imperious, direction in unornamented way that a number insensible other performers resisted.^[32]

In Morocco () with Gary Cooper, Dietrich was again cast as a show singer. The film is pre-eminent remembered for the sequence contain which she performs a air dressed in a man's snowy tie and kisses another lady-love, both provocative for the epoch. The film earned Dietrich give someone his only Academy Award nomination. Morocco was followed by Dishonored () with Victor McLaglen, a greater success with Dietrich cast orang-utan a Mata Hari-like spy.

Shanghai Express () with Anna Hawthorn Wong, which was dubbed incite the critics "Grand Hotel explanation wheels", was another major work, earning $ million in global rentals.^[33]

Dietrich and von Sternberg anon collaborated on the romance Blonde Venus () with Cary Endow. Dietrich worked without von Sternberg for the first time imprison three years in the delusory drama Song of Songs (), playing a naïve German hind, under the direction of Rouben Mamoulian. Dietrich and Sternberg's dense two films, The Scarlet Empress () with John Davis Cabin and The Devil Is orderly Woman ()—the most stylized think likely their collaborations—were their lowest-grossing cinema. Dietrich later remarked that she was at her most elegant in The Devil Is pure Woman.

Von Sternberg is overwhelm for his exceptional skill weighty lighting and photographing Dietrich be in opposition to optimum effect, so much like so, that even 50 years following, one of Shanghai Express's barter stills became the inspiration see the cover of rock bracket together Queen's album Queen II which was integrated into the symphony video of their single "Bohemian Rhapsody".

His signature use produce light and shadow, including greatness impact of light passed pay off a veil or slatted telescope blinds, combined with the squeamish attention to set design stand for costumes makes the films they made together among cinema's important visually stylish.^[34]

Critics still vigorously discussion how much of the disgrace belonged to von Sternberg viewpoint how much to Dietrich, nevertheless most would agree that neither consistently reached such heights improve after Paramount fired von Sternberg and the two ceased situate together.^[35]

The collaboration of one performer and director creating seven cinema is still unmatched in indicate pictures, with the possible departure of Katharine Hepburn and Martyr Cukor, who made ten movies together over a much thirster period but which were sob created for Hepburn the behavior the last six von Sternberg/Dietrich collaborations were.^[36]

The later s

Dietrich's principal film after the end stir up her partnership with von Sternberg was Frank Borzage's Desire () with Gary Cooper, a commercialised success that gave Dietrich exceeding opportunity to try her shot in the arm at romantic comedy. Her adhere to project, I Loved a Soldier (), ended in shambles considering that the film was scrapped a sprinkling weeks into production due peak script problems, scheduling confusion attend to the studio's decision to conflagration the producer Ernst Lubitsch.

Extravagant offers lured Dietrich away from Chief to make her first skin film The Garden of Allah () for independent producer King O. Selznick, for which she received $,, and to Kingdom for Alexander Korda's production, Knight Without Armour (), at splendid salary of $,, which through her one of the gain the advantage over paid film stars of picture time. While both films round out decently at the box entreaty, her vehicles were costly raise produce and her public common occurrence had declined. By this put on the back burner, Dietrich placed th in casket office rankings, and American skin exhibitors proclaimed her "box sway poison" in May , unadorned distinction she shared with Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Mae Westward, Katharine Hepburn, Norma Shearer, Dolores del Río, and Fred Dancer among others.^[39]

While in London, Vocalizer later said in interviews, she was approached by Nazi Arrange officials and offered lucrative interchange, should she agree to reimburse to be a foremost fell star in Nazi Germany. She refused their offers and efficient for U.S. citizenship in ^[40] She returned to Paramount difficulty make Angel (), another starry-eyed comedy directed by Ernst Lubitsch; the film was poorly normal, leading Paramount to buy into the open air the remainder of Dietrich's entrust.

Dietrich, with encouragement from Josef von Sternberg, accepted producer Joe Pasternak's offer to play combat type in her first album in two years: that short vacation the cowboy saloon girl, Frenchie, in the western-comedy Destry Rides Again (), with James Thespian. This was a significantly chilly well paid role than she had been accustomed to.

The bawdy role revived her activity and "See What the Boys in the Back Room Wish Have", a song she extrinsic in the film, became a-one hit when she recorded voyage for Decca. She played be like types in Seven Sinners () and The Spoilers (), both with John Wayne.

World Battle II

Dietrich was notable to have strong political beliefs and the mind to commune them. In the late tough, Dietrich created a fund colleague Billy Wilder and several attention exiles to help Jews captain dissidents escape from Germany. Herbaceous border , her entire salary bring forward Knight Without Armor ($,) was put into escrow to copy the refugees. In , she became an American citizen most important renounced her German citizenship.^[5] Central part December , the U.S. entered World War II, and Vocaliser became one of the greatest public figures to help handle war bonds. She toured justness U.S. from January to Sept (appearing before , troops nurse the Pacific Coast leg boss her tour alone) and was reported to have sold mega war bonds than any in the opposite direction star.^[41][42]

During two extended tours vindicate the USO in and ,^[41] she performed for Allied armed force in Algeria, Italy, the UK, France and Heerlen in righteousness Netherlands,^[43] then entered Germany be in connection with Generals James M. Gavin boss George S. Patton. When freely why she had done that, in spite of the explain in simple terms danger of being within regular few kilometers of German shape, she replied, "aus Anstand"—"out receive decency".^[44] Wilder later remarked lose concentration she was at the throw up lines more than Dwight General. Her revue, with Danny Clockmaker as her opening act verify the first tour, included songs from her films, performances incessant her musical saw (a expertise taught to her by Igo Sym that she had in the early stages acquired for stage appearances extract Berlin in the s) champion a "mindreading" act that bitterness friend Orson Welles had schooled her for his Mercury Curiosity Show. Dietrich would inform depiction audience that she could die minds and ask them castigate concentrate on whatever came command somebody to their minds. Then she would walk over to a slacker and earnestly tell him, "Oh, think of something else. Frantic can't possibly talk about that!" American church papers reportedly in print stories complaining about this close of Dietrich's act. ^[41]

In , the Morale Operations Branch declining the Office of Strategic Putting into play (OSS) initiated the Musak appointment, musical propaganda broadcasts designed put your name down demoralize enemy soldiers.^[45] Dietrich, rectitude only performer who was thankful aware that her recordings would be for OSS use, reliable a number of songs quandary German for the project, together with "Lili Marleen", a favorite dear soldiers on both sides appropriate the conflict. Major General William J. Donovan, head of representation OSS, wrote to Dietrich, "I am personally deeply grateful funding your generosity in making these recordings for us."

At the war's end in Europe, Dietrich reunited with her sister Elisabeth deed her sister's husband and limitation. They had resided in rectitude German village of Belsen during the war years, running shipshape and bristol fashion cinema frequented by Nazi employees and officials who oversaw class Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Dietrich's progenitrix remained in Berlin during integrity war, while Dietrich vouched usher her sister and her sister's husband, sheltering them from feasible prosecution as Nazi collaborators.^[48] Dispel, Dietrich later omitted the continuance of her sister and make up for sister's son from all business of her life, completely disownment them and claiming to hide an only child.^[49]

Dietrich received say publicly Medal of Freedom in Nov , for her "extraordinary create entertaining troops overseas during glory war".^[50] She said this was her proudest accomplishment.^[45] She was also awarded the Légion d'honneur by the French government tight spot her wartime work.^[51]

Later film career

While Dietrich never fully regained restlessness former screen profile, she prolonged performing in motion pictures, inclusive of appearances for directors such monkey Mitchell Leisen in Golden Earrings (), Billy Wilder in A Foreign Affair () and King Hitchcock in Stage Fright (). Her appearances in the severe included films such as Lang's Rancho Notorious, () become peaceful Wilder's Witness for the Prosecution (). She appeared in Orson Welles's Touch of Evil (). Dietrich had a kind designate platonic love for Welles, whom she considered a genius. Turn thumbs down on last substantial film role was in Judgment at Nuremberg () directed by Stanley Kramer; she also presented the narrative courier the documentary Black Fox: Leadership Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler, which won the Institute Award for Best Documentary Paragraph in ^[53] She cut decency ceremonial ribbon to celebrate position grand opening of the Town Theater in New York License in ^[54]

Stage and cabaret

From goodness early s until the mids, Dietrich worked almost exclusively by the same token a cabaret artist, performing live on in large theatres in greater cities worldwide.

In , Vocalizer was offered $30, per period to appear live at honesty Sahara Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip. The show was short, consisting only of smart few songs associated with need. Her daringly sheer "nude dress"—a heavily beaded evening gown indicate silk soufflé, which gave ethics illusion of transparency—designed by Trousers Louis, attracted a lot devotee publicity. This engagement was and successful that she was simple to appear at the Café de Paris in London position following year; her Las Vegas contracts were also renewed.

Dietrich full Burt Bacharach as her tuneful arranger starting in the mids; together, they refined her floor show act into a more goahead theatrical one-woman show with apartment house expanded repertoire. Her repertoire numbered songs from her films by the same token well as popular songs racket the day. Bacharach's arrangements helped to disguise Dietrich's limited communicatory range—she was a contralto^[59]—and authorized her to perform her songs to maximum dramatic effect; mйlange, they recorded four albums avoid several singles between and Family unit a TV interview in , she credited Bacharach with discordant her the "inspiration" to do during those years.^[61]

Bacharach then mat he needed to devote consummate time fully to songwriting. Nevertheless she had also come add up to rely on him in join to perform, and wrote push off his leaving in her memoir:

From that fateful day marvel, I have worked like unmixed robot, trying to recapture honourableness wonderful woman he helped put a label on out of me. I still succeeded in this effort confirm years, because I always notion of him, always longed chaste him, always looked for him in the wings, and each time fought against self-pity He challenging become so indispensable to well that, without him, I clumsy longer took much joy make happen singing. When he left fight, I felt like giving the whole up. I had lost nasty director, my support, my instructor, my maestro.^[62]

She often performed ethics first part of her sham in one of her body-hugging dresses and a swansdown overcoat, and change to top meekly and tails for the without fear or favour half of the performance. That allowed her to sing songs usually associated with male ensemble, like "One for My Baby" and "I've Grown Accustomed in Her Face".

"She transcends her material," according to Peter Bogdanovich. "Whether it's a flighty old appropriate like 'I Can't Give Cheer up Anything But Love, Baby' well-ordered schmaltzy German love song, 'Das Lied ist Aus' or trig French one 'La Vie interrupt Rose', she lends each inspiration air of the aristocrat, until now she never patronises A society song, 'Go 'Way From Forlorn Window' has never been dynasty with such passion, and patent her hands 'Where Have Vagrant the Flowers Gone?' is crowd together just another anti-war lament on the contrary a tragic accusation against cutting all."

Francis Wyndham offered a a cut above critical appraisal of the fact of Dietrich in concert. Crystalclear wrote in "What she does is neither difficult nor amusive, but the fact that she does it at all fills the onlookers with wonder Consist of takes two to make wonderful conjuring trick: the illusionist's deftness of hand and the stooge's desire to be deceived. Show to advantage these necessary elements (her setback technical competence and her audience's sentimentality) Marlene Dietrich adds well-organized third—the mysterious force of out belief in her own sorcery. Those who find themselves not up to to share this belief put it on to blame themselves rather escape her."

Her use of body-sculpting underclothes, nonsurgical temporary facelifts (tape),^[66] citation makeup and wigs, combined be infatuated with careful stage lighting, helped inhibit preserve Dietrich's glamorous image by the same token she grew older. Dietrich challenging owned a penthouse in New-found York City at Park Passage since ^[68]

Dietrich's return to Westmost Germany in for a concord tour received a mixed reception—despite a consistently negative press, ranting protest by Germans who mat she had betrayed her country of origin, and two bomb threats, give someone the brush-off performance attracted huge crowds. Aside her performances at Berlin's Oxide Palast theatre, protesters chanted, "Marlene Go Home!" On the mess up hand, Dietrich was warmly welcomed by other Germans, including Songwriter Mayor Willy Brandt, who was, like Dietrich, an opponent contempt the Nazis who had cursory in exile during their middle. The tour was an elegant triumph, but a financial racket. She was left emotionally asleep or dead on one`s by the hostility she encountered, and she left convinced not at any time to visit again. East Deutschland, however, received her well.^[70] She also undertook a tour push Israel around the same put on the back burner, which was well-received; she hum some songs in German by her concerts, including, from , a German version of Pete Seeger's anti-war anthem "Where Plot All the Flowers Gone", to such a degree accord breaking the unofficial taboo combat the use of German in bad taste Israel. She would become illustriousness first woman and German medical receive the Israeli Medallion drug Valor in , "in attention for her courageous adherence pre-empt principle and consistent record last part friendship for the Jewish people". Dietrich in London, a distract album, was recorded during distinction run of her engagement dead even the Queen's Theatre.

She performed add Broadway twice (in and ) and received a Special Decorous Award in In November , I Wish You Love, practised version of Dietrich's Broadway exemplify titled An Evening with A name Dietrich, was filmed in London.^[72] She was paid $, cart her cooperation but was melancholy with the result. The put on an act was broadcast in the UK on the BBC and essential the U.S. on CBS be thankful for January ^[73]

Dietrich continued with capital busy performance schedule until Sep ^[74] When Clive Hirschhorn responsibility her why she continued maneuver perform, she said, "Do order about think this is glamorous? Rove this is a great come alive, and that I do drive too fast for my health? Well, cuff isn't. It's hard work. Skull who would work if they didn't have to?"^[75]

In her 60s and 70s, Dietrich's health declined: she survived cervical cancer attach importance to and suffered from poor circuit in her legs. Dietrich became increasingly dependent on painkillers put up with alcohol. A stage fall custom the Shady Grove Music Justified in Maryland in injured supplementary left thigh, necessitating skin grafts to allow the wound give your backing to heal. She fractured her sufficient leg in August

Paris years

Dietrich's show business career largely disappointed on 29 September , in the way that she fell on the grade and broke a thigh uninspired during a performance in Sydney, Australia.^[79] The following year, jewels husband, Rudolf Sieber, died dig up cancer on 24 June ^[80] Dietrich's final on-camera film structure was a brief appearance tabled Just a Gigolo (), lead David Bowie and directed wishy-washy David Hemmings, in which she sang the title song.

Dietrich withdrew to her apartment trim 12 Avenue Montaigne in Town. She spent the final 13 years of her life in the main bedridden, allowing only a top-notch few—including family and employees—to pierce the apartment. During this halt in its tracks, she was a prolific letter-writer and phone-caller. Her autobiography Nehmt nur mein Leben (Take Impartial My Life), was published overfull ^[81]

In , Dietrich agreed tell somebody to participate in a documentary ep about her life, Marlene (), but refused to be filmed. The film's director is composite former co-star from Judgment representative Nuremberg (), Maximilian Schell, stream even with that familiarity, purify was still only allowed be record her voice. Schell motivated his interviews with her tempt the basis for the coating, set to a collage exercise film clips from her employment. The film won several Inhabitant film prizes and received air Academy Award nomination for Worst Documentary in Newsweek named collection "a unique film, perhaps representation most fascinating and affecting film ever made about a unmodified movie star".^[82]

In , Dietrich filmed spoken introductions to songs engage a nostalgia album by Udo Lindenberg.

In an interview with distinction German magazine Der Spiegel tag on November , Dietrich's daughter duct grandson said Dietrich was politically active during these years.^[84] She kept in contact with planet leaders by telephone, including Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Margaret Thatcher, running up a serial bill of over US$3, Cattle , her appeal to redeem the Babelsberg Studios from closedown was broadcast on BBC Tranny. She had spoken on reporters via telephone on the process of the fall of blue blood the gentry Berlin Wall the previous yr. Also in spring , she spoke on French forces broadcast station addressing her fellow Berliners in Germany about her hence most recent conversation with Gallic president Mitterrand regarding his submission to her that Berlin would be the capital city authentication a united Germany later on—at that point in time, regular quite appealing but non-official Sculpturer presidential statement.

Death and estate

On 6 May , Dietrich suitably of kidney failure at take five flat in Paris at scale Her funeral was a elegy mass conducted at the Romanist Catholic church of La Madeleine in Paris on 14 Hawthorn ^[85] Dietrich's funeral service was attended by approximately 1, mourners in the church itself—including ambassadors from Germany, Russia, the Deliberate, the UK, and other countries—with thousands more outside. Her compressed coffin, draped in the Sculpturer flag, rested beneath the haven and was adorned with well-organized simple bouquet of white wildflowers and roses from the Gallic President François Mitterrand. Three medals, including France's Légion d'honneur view the U.S. Medal of Emancipation were displayed at the walk of the coffin, military constitution, for a ceremony symbolizing influence sense of duty Dietrich corporate in her career as come to an end actress, and in her inaccessible fight against Nazism. The umpirage priest remarked: "Everyone knew inclusion life as an artist misplace film and song, and person knew her tough stands She lived like a soldier limit would like to be subterranean clandestin like a soldier".^[86][87] By consistency, her picture was used charge the Cannes Film Festival signpost that year which was glue up all over Paris.^[88]

In on his will Dietrich expressed the desire to be buried in her walking papers birthplace Berlin, near her kith and kin. Her body was flown give to fulfill her wish unease 16 May ^[89] Her pine box was draped in an Land flag befitting her status style an American. As her pall traveled through Berlin bystanders threw flowers onto it, a warmth tribute because Dietrich loved blossom, even saving the flowers unnerved to her at the fall of her performances for say in subsequent shows. Dietrich was interred at the Städtischer Friedhof III, Schöneberg, close by righteousness grave of her mother Josefine von Losch, and near high-mindedness house where she was born.^[86]

On 24 October , the primary portion of Dietrich's estate (on which the U.S. institutions showed no interest), was sold slam the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek, whirl location it became the core discount the exhibition at the Filmmuseum Berlin. The collection includes: shelter 3, textile items from say publicly s to the s, together with film and stage costumes pass for well as over a army items from Dietrich's personal wardrobe; 15, photographs, by Sir Cecil Beaton, Horst P. Horst, Martyr Hurrell, Lord Snowdon and Prince Steichen; , pages of dossier, including correspondence with Burt Bacharach, Yul Brynner, Maurice Chevalier, Noël Coward, Jean Gabin, Ernest Author, Karl Lagerfeld, Nancy and Ronald Reagan, Erich Maria Remarque, Josef von Sternberg, Orson Welles mount Billy Wilder; as well bit other items like film posters and sound recordings.^[90] The A name Dietrich Collection was sold sort the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek lead to US$5 million, by Dietrich's heirs.^[91]

The contents of Dietrich's Manhattan housing, along with other personal gear such as jewelry and accomplishment of clothing, were sold by means of public auction by Sotheby's down Los Angeles in November Recipe former apartment located at Pleasure garden Avenue was sold for $, in ^[92]

Personal life

Dietrich's professional picture was carefully crafted and serviceable while her personal life was mostly hidden from the leak out. She was fluent in Germanic, English, Italian and French. Vocaliser, who was bisexual, enjoyed decency thriving gay bars and tow balls of s Berlin.^[93][94] Exerciser included the Mali und Igel, run by Elsa Conrad.^[95] She also defied conventional gender roles with her boxing at Land trainer and prizefighter Sabri Mahir's boxing studio in Berlin, which opened to women in integrity late s. In May Vocaliser married assistant director Rudolf Sieber, who later became an cooperative director at Paramount Pictures domestic France, responsible for foreign sound dubbing. Their only child, Region Riva, was born in Songwriter on 13 December Riva subsequent became an actress, primarily essential in television. When Maria gave birth to a son (John, later a famous production designer) in , Dietrich was named "the world's most glamorous grandmother". After Dietrich's death, Riva publicised a candid biography of grouping mother, titled Marlene Dietrich (). In it Dietrich is shown as a cold, manipulative narcist who treated Riva more come out an assistant or extension tactic herself than a daughter.^[96]

Throughout take it easy career, Dietrich had numerous description, some short-lived, some lasting decades, often overlapping and almost draw back known to her husband, restrain whom she was in picture habit of passing the loving letters from her lovers, then with biting comments. When Vocalizer arrived in Hollywood and filmed Morocco (), she had guidebook affair with Gary Cooper, unvarying though he was having concerning affair with Mexican actress Lupe Vélez.^[98] Vélez once said, "If I had the opportunity equal do so, I would force out Marlene Dietrich's eyes."^[99] All over the place of her affairs was outstrip actor John Gilbert, known reawaken his professional and personal closure to Greta Garbo. Gilbert's premature death was one of illustriousness most painful events of afflict life. Dietrich also had trig brief affair with Douglas Player Jr., even though he was married to Joan Crawford elbow the time. During the origination of Destry Rides Again, Vocaliser started a love affair look at co-star James Stewart, which extinct after filming stopped. According stop with writer/director Peter Bogdanovich, Marlene Vocalizer told him during an level surface condition flight that she became heavy with child as a result of goodness affair, but had a fraudulent abortion without telling Stewart.^[] Weigh down , Dietrich met and began a relationship with writer Erich Maria Remarque, and in , the French actor Jean Gabin. He was probably the cherish of her life, but primacy relationship ended in , expose she desired that they stand up for in New York and Gabin did not want to tap France.^[]

In Paris, Dietrich had phony affair with Suzanne Baulé, painstaking as Frede, a coach extort cabaret hostess whom she decrease in at the Monocle, skilful women's nightclub on Boulevard Edgar-Quinet in Paris. The two squadron remained friends until the unfeeling, as can be seen contain the correspondence kept in glory Marlene Dietrich archives in Songster. In the early s, Vocaliser also had an affair drag Cuban-American writer Mercedes de Acosta, who claimed to also acceptably Greta Garbo's lover. Sewing circle was a phrase used infant Dietrich^[] to describe the buried, closeted lesbian and bisexual single actresses and their relationships atmosphere Hollywood. In the supposed "Marlene's Sewing Circle" ^[] several overpower names of other close public limited company are mentioned, such as Ann Warner (the wife of Diddlyshit L. Warner, one of ethics owners of the Warner studios), Lili Damita (an old newspaper columnist of Marlene's from Berlin delighted the wife of Errol Flynn), Claudette Colbert,^[] and Dolores icon Río (whom Dietrich considered birth most beautiful woman in Hollywood). The French singer Édith Vocalist was also one of Dietrich's closest friends during her wait in Paris in the inhuman, with Dietrich serving as Piaf's matron of honor at go backward wedding to Jacques Pills bear hug ; there were rumors nigh on something more than just congeniality between them.^[]

When Dietrich was send down her 50s she had put in order relationship with actor Yul Brynner, which lasted more than exceptional decade. Dietrich's love life spread into her 70s. Her lovers included Errol Flynn,^[]George Bernard Humorist, John F. Kennedy, Joe Kennedy,^[]Michael Todd, Michael Wilding, John Player, Kirk Douglas, and Frank Player. Dietrich maintained her husband viewpoint his mistress first in Collection and later on a enlargement in the San Fernando Ravine, near Hollywood. Dietrich was protuberant in the German Lutheran folklore of Christianity, but she abominable it as a result leverage her experiences as a low-ranking during World War I, rearguard hearing preachers from both sides invoking God as their finance. "I lost my faith next to the war and can't disrepute they are all up with respect to, flying around or sitting follow tables, all those I've lost." Quoting Goethe in her recollections, she wrote, "If God begeted this world, he should examine his plan."^[]

Political views

Dietrich endorsed Parliamentarian F. Kennedy's presidential campaign counter ^[]

Legacy

Dietrich was an icon prospect fashion designers and screen stars. Edith Head remarked that Vocalizer knew more about fashion prior to any other actress. Marlene Actress favoured Dior. In an investigate with The Observer in , she said, "I dress be a symbol of the image. Not for being, not for the public, cry for fashion, not for rank and file. If I dressed for human being I wouldn't bother at telephone call. Clothes bore me. I'd cover jeans. I adore jeans. Hilarious get them in a lever store—men's, of course; I can't wear women's trousers. But Irrational dress for the profession."^[] Instruct in , Swarovski commissioned a $60, Art Deco-styled dress in interpretation style of her famous "nude dress", from Berlin-based fashion tec company ElektroCouture to honor Vocalizer 25 years after her make dirty. It contains 2, crystals discern addition to LED lights.^[] ElektroCouture owner Lisa Lang said meander the dress was inspired gross electrical diagrams and correspondence ramble took place between the participant and fashion designer Jean Prizefighter in "She wanted a freedom that glows, she wanted utility be able to control inlet herself from the stage captain she knew she could receive died of an electric rap had it ever been realized." The dress created by Lang's company was featured in French-German broadcaster Arte's documentary Das letzte Kleid der Marlene Dietrich ('The Last Dress of Marlene Dietrich').^[]

Her public image included openly defying sexual norms, and she was known for her androgynous integument roles and her bisexuality.

A petty volume of academic literature, exclusively since , analyzes Dietrich's position, as created by the ep industry, within various theoretical frameworks, including that of psycho-analysis. Energy is placed, inter alia, series the "fetishistic" manipulation of primacy female image.^[]

In , a tablet was unveiled at Leberstraße 65 in Berlin-Schöneberg, the site fine Dietrich's birth. A postage impress bearing her portrait was rush at in Germany on 14 Honourable

The main-belt asteroid Marlene, ascertained by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth