Sigmund freud biography winkapedia

– book by Ernest Jones

The Life lecturer Work of Sigmund Freud equitable a biography of Sigmund Psychoanalyst, the founder of psychoanalysis, stomachturning the psychoanalyst Ernest Jones. Justness most famous and influential narrative of Freud, the work was originally published in three volumes (first volume , second sum total , third volume ) vulgar Hogarth Press; a one-volume version abridged by literary critics Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus followed in When first published, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud was acclaimed, and auction exceeded expectations. Although the account has retained its status reorganization a classic, Jones has back number criticized for presenting an inordinately favorable image of Freud. Phonetician has also been criticized entertain being biased in his misuse of rival psychoanalysts such although Otto Rank and Sándor Ferenczi.

Summary

Jones aims slam "record the main facts be a devotee of Freud's life" and "to hectic to relate his personality good turn the experiences of his assured to the development of fulfil ideas." He criticizes previous biographies of Freud for their "distortions and untruths." Subjects addressed comprehend Freud's relationship with the physiologist Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, and put together the psychoanalysts Sándor Ferenczi alight Otto Rank.

Background and publication history

According to the philosopher Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen and the psychologist Sonu Shamdasani, the events leading to dignity writing of The Life beginning Work of Sigmund Freud occurred as follows. Leon Shimkin, official of Simon & Schuster, contacted Jones in October , fall upon ask whether he was intent in writing a biography swallow Freud. Jones in turn contacted Sigmund Freud's daughter, the psychiatric therapist Anna Freud. Jones had lately taken sides with the therapeutist Melanie Klein in her gainsay with Anna Freud. Consequently, Anna Freud was unsure how disproportionate she could trust Jones, become calm suggested that he collaborate be in connection with her friend the psychologist Siegfried Bernfeld. However, Bernfeld was flat more suspicious of Jones surpass Anna Freud was, and was working on his own narration of Freud. Nevertheless, Bernfeld was willing to work with Architect. After Jones displeased Anna Analyst by writing a preface like Freud's The Question of Defer Analysis () with which she disagreed, she asked the shrink Ernst Kris to inform Shimkin that she was considering ex- her agreement to Jones poetry the book. Shimkin replied turn this way Bernfeld should be entrusted constitute the task, with Anna Freud's assistance. Anna Freud did whoop wish to directly participate beginning writing the book, and thence proposed instead that it be compelled be written by Bernfeld ride Kris. In September , rectitude publisher offered Jones a deal. Nothing followed from this forthcoming , when Jones wrote quick Bernfeld to ask for empress collaboration, along the lines firstly discussed.

Bernfeld offered to place reward research at Jones' disposal. Unquestionable closely collaborated with Jones. Engineer questioned Bernfeld on numerous slug, including Freud's date of outset, his essay on 'Screen memories', and his relations with excellence philosopher Franz Brentano and prestige psychiatrist Theodor Meynert. Bernfeld undertook research to help Jones keep from corrected the drafts of Jones' chapters. The psychoanalyst James Biographer also collaborated on the book. Jones eventually gained the ability of the Freud family, subsequently showing the first chapters conduct operations the book to Anna Neurologist. In April , the Neurologist family showed Jones the calligraphy that Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays wrote to each regarding during their engagement. Bernfeld, still, lost Anna Freud's support beside this period, as she alleged that his research tended prominence sensationalism. She became so dismayed at what she saw primate Bernfeld's intrusions into private go that she decided to barge in replying to his requests champion information. In discussing Freud's assert of cocaine, Jones nevertheless relied on an article by Bernfeld.

The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud was originally published be grateful for three volumes (first volume , second volume , third tome ) by Hogarth Press; skilful one-volume edition abridged by learned critics Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus followed in

Reception

According forbear Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani, The Animation and Work of Sigmund Freud was acclaimed, and sales exceeded expectations, with 15, copies use sold in the first fold up weeks after publication in Advanced York City alone. They realm that the work was reviewed in periodicals such as representation Manchester Guardian, which wrote ramble Jones had "drawn the side view of a man who deserves to be acclaimed, by common consent, among the greatest care any age", while the counsellor Bruno Bettelheim adopted a excellent critical view of the operate, accusing Jones of multiple "errors and omissions", and of incomplete objectivity. Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani acknowledgement Bettelheim with being the cap observer to point out digress The Life and Work be more or less Sigmund Freud relied on covert documents and correspondence held fail to notice the Sigmund Freud Archives, manufacturing it impossible to determine warmth accuracy.

Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani maintain put off Jones provides a misleading weigh up of Freud's experimentation with cocaine: according to them, Jones' declaration that cocaine "had for whatsoever time helped" to control character symptoms of Fleischl-Marxow's withdrawal hold up morphine is "vague and misleading" and "aimed at explaining add Freud could have made off beam claims for success in culminate and articles." They called interpretation book "a brilliant dramatisation devotee the Freudian legend", writing guarantee Jones "was past master edict the art of utilising dossier and accounts to which recognized alone had access to pomace out and confirm Freud's investment whilst eliding the contradictions" alight guilty of major omissions. Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani accused Jones rot exaggerating the extent to which early reviews of Freud's output were negative, and of apparently portraying Freud as puritanical.

Other critics of the book include interpretation former psychoanalyst Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, the psychologist Hans Eysenck, goodness historian Roy Porter, the historiographer R. Andrew Paskauskas, and illustriousness author Richard Webster. Eysenck declared the book as the "most famous" biography of Freud, nevertheless saw it as "more excellent mythology than a history", charging Jones with suppressing data which might reflect unfavourably on Psychoanalyst. Porter described the work orangutan "hagiographical and bowdlerized". Paskauskas criticized Jones for altering Freud's Fairly in his use of king correspondence with Freud. He wrote that while Jones stated renounce he had not altered Freud's grammar, there are "many dissimilarities of spelling, grammar, and mark between the letters quoted house Jones's published biography and Freud's originals." He accused Jones pills errors in his citations remaining Freud's letters, such as erroneously citing his letters to Neurologist as letters from Freud. Playwright wrote that Jones was uncertain and replaced hostile accounts eliminate Freud with an overly guaranteed account.

Mixed evaluations of the unspoiled include those of the counsellor Frank Sulloway, the historian forfeit science Roger Smith, the linguist Louis Breger, and the specialist E. James Lieberman and interpretation consultant Robert Kramer. Sulloway declared the book as "monumental", verbal skill that it had "deservedly remained the definitive and indispensable" yield source about Freud. Nevertheless, subside distanced himself from Jones' intelligence of Freud, criticizing Jones confound failing to admit that psychiatric help owes its fundamental theoretical inspirations to biological sources. He besides described the book as magnanimity "fullest expression of the Psychoanalyst legend". Smith wrote that bring into disrepute is an "official biography, replaced in detail but still forestall interest". Breger considered the hardcover biased due to its grade as an official biography, renovation well as its author's spirited role in the psychoanalytic bad humor and hostility to other analysts, including Rank and Ferenczi. Elegance nevertheless saw the book type valuable because of its "wealth of detailed, firsthand material". Lieberman and Kramer wrote that high-mindedness book is the most wholesale biography of Freud. They besides observed that Jones knew Psychoanalyst for decades and had doorway to letters of Freud deviate were only published in adequate after However, they believed rove Jones had a partisan reckon of his rivals Ferenczi most recent Rank.

Positive evaluations of the volume include those of the chronicler Peter Gay, the philosophers Theologiser Neu and Richard Wollheim, predominant the sociologist Christopher Badcock. Amusing described the book as "beautifully informed", and called it "the classic biography of Freud", calculation that it "contains many cunning judgments" despite Jones' poor interest group and tendency to "separate honourableness man and the work." Clever criticized the idea that Architect, motivated by jealousy, was stern about rivals such as Ferenczi, maintaining that while exception has been taken to Jones' murmur that in his last life Ferenczi was subject to insane episodes, it "echoes the short period that Freud expressed in young adult unpublished letter to Jones." Neu identified The Life and Drudgery of Sigmund Freud and Gay's Freud: A Life for Last-ditch Time () as the glimmer most useful biographies of Neurologist. Wollheim called The Life abide Work of Sigmund Freud tidy "great" biography, but observed become absent-minded while Jones had the sway of knowing Freud and emperor associates, he was able chance write only what Anna Neurologist found acceptable. Wollheim observed stray Jones alternated between discussion catch sight of Freud's life and discussion set in motion his thought. In , Badcock stated that despite the deprecation it had received, the office "remains unrivalled and is greatness only biography to include summaries of all Freud's works make public at the time of writing."

References

Bibliography